Draz, Hossam; Goldberg, Alexander A; Titorenko, Vladimir I; Tomlinson Gunns, Emma S.; Safe, Stephen et Sanderson, J. Thomas (2017). Diindolylmethane and its halogenated derivatives induce protective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells via induction of the oncogenic protein AEG-1 and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Cellular Signalling , vol. 40 . pp. 172-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.006.
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3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) and its synthetic halogenated derivatives 4,4′-Br2- and 7,7′-Cl2DIM (ring-DIMs) have recently been shown to induce protective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. The mechanisms by which DIM and ring-DIMs induce autophagy have not been elucidated. As DIM is a mitochondrial ATP-synthase inhibitor, we hypothesized that DIM and ring-DIMs induce autophagy via alteration of intracellular AMP/ATP ratios and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in prostate cancer cells. We found that DIM and ring-DIMs induced autophagy was accompanied by increased autophagic vacuole formation and conversion of LC3BI to LC3BII in LNCaP and C42B human prostate cancer cells. DIM and ring-DIMs also induced AMPK, ULK-1 (unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1; Atg1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. DIM and the ring-DIMs time-dependently induced the oncogenic protein astrocyte-elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) in LNCaP and C42B cells. Downregulation of AEG-1 or AMPK inhibited DIM- and ring-DIM-induced autophagy. Pretreatment with ULK1 inhibitor MRT 67307 or siRNAs targeting either AEG-1 or AMPK potentiated the cytotoxicity of DIM and ring-DIMs. Interestingly, downregulation of AEG-1 induced senescence in cells treated with overtly cytotoxic concentrations of DIM or ring-DIMs and inhibited the onset of apoptosis in response to these compounds. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism for DIM- and ring-DIM-induced protective autophagy, via induction of AEG-1 and subsequent activation of AMPK. Our findings could facilitate the development of novel drug therapies for prostate cancer that include selective autophagy inhibitors as adjuvants.
| Type de document: | Article |
|---|---|
| Mots-clés libres: | AEG-1; AMPK; Autophagy; C42B; LNCaP; Prostate cancer |
| Centre: | Centre INRS-Institut Armand Frappier |
| Date de dépôt: | 21 mars 2019 15:44 |
| Dernière modification: | 21 mars 2019 15:44 |
| URI: | https://espace.inrs.ca/id/eprint/6719 |
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