The impact of micro- and nanoplastics on immune system development and functions: Current knowledge and future directions

Lopez, Guillaume et Lamarre, Alain ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-871X (2025). The impact of micro- and nanoplastics on immune system development and functions: Current knowledge and future directions Reproductive Toxicology , vol. 135 , nº 108951. pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108951.

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Résumé

The prevalence of microplastics (MPs)/ nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has raised significant concerns regarding their potential toxicity, particularly their impact on biological systems. These particles, particularly NPs, possess unique properties due to their small size and high surface area, enabling them to more easily cross biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. Among various types of plastic materials, polystyrene (PS) is one of the most studied for its toxicological effects, given its widespread use and environmental persistence. This narrative review examines current research on the effects of MPs/NPs, on the immune system, with a focus on both the development of the immune system and its functional responses. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that MP/NP exposure can disrupt immune function, including hematopoiesis, immune cell activation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Although in vitro studies highlight cellular toxicity and altered immune cell behavior, in vivo studies reveal more complex outcomes, with some findings suggesting significant effects on organ systems such as the spleen and intestines, while others indicate minimal or no impact under environmentally relevant exposure conditions. Here, we aim to consolidate and summarize the current evidence on the topic, highlight key limitations in the field, and identify areas that warrant further investigation for immunotoxicologists. In addition, we emphasize the importance of using relevant exposure concentrations and complex in vitro or in vivo models to better understand the potential risks associated with MP/NP exposure and their long-term implications for immune health.

Type de document:	Article
Informations complémentaires:	This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (ALLRP 558452–20); the Cana- dian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) and the Armand-Frappier Foundation for Studentship support to G.L.L. A. Lamarre holds the Jeanne and J.-Louis L´evesque research chair in immunovirology from the J.-Louis L´evesque Foundation
Mots-clés libres:	Hematopoiesis; Immune responses; Immune system; Inflammation; Microplastics; Nanoplastics; in vivo studies
Centre:	Centre INRS-Institut Armand Frappier
Date de dépôt:	07 juill. 2025 19:07
Dernière modification:	07 juill. 2025 19:07
URI:	https://espace.inrs.ca/id/eprint/16530

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