River predisposition to ice jams: a simplified geospatial model.

De Munck, Stéphane; Gauthier, Yves; Bernier, Monique; Chokmani, Karem ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0018-0761 et Légaré, Serge (2016). River predisposition to ice jams: a simplified geospatial model. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions , vol. 17 , nº 7. pp. 1033-1047. DOI: 10.5194/nhess-2016-308.

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Résumé

The goal of this work was to develop a simplified geospatial model to estimate the predisposition of any river channel to ice jams. Rather than predicting river ice break up, the main question here was to predict where the broken up ice is susceptible to jam based on the river’s geomorphological characteristics. Thus, six parameters referred to potential causes for ice jams in the literature were selected: presence of an island, narrowing of the channel, high sinuosity, presence of a bridge, confluence of rivers, and slope break. A GIS-based tool has been used to generate the aforementioned factors over regular-spaced segments along the entire channel using available geospatial data. An "Ice Jam Predisposition Index" (IJPI) was calculated by combining the weighted optimal factors. Three Canadian rivers (Province of Quebec) have been chosen as test sites. The resulting maps were assessed from historical observations and local knowledge. Results show 77 % of the observed ice jam sites on record occurred in river sections that the model considered as having high or medium predisposition. This leaves 23 % of false negative errors (missed occurrence). Between 7 % and 11 % of the highly "predisposed" river sections did not have an ice jam on record (false-positive errors). Potential improvements are discussed.

Type de document:	Article
Mots-clés libres:	channel morphology; confluence; flow field; GIS; glacial hydrology; ice breakup; numerical model; river flow; spatial analysis
Centre:	Centre Eau Terre Environnement
Date de dépôt:	04 mai 2018 19:34
Dernière modification:	21 févr. 2022 17:51
URI:	https://espace.inrs.ca/id/eprint/5662

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